Clinical Applications in Perfusion Exam
The Clinical Applications in Perfusion Examination (CAPE) is a comprehensive examination designed for cardiovascular perfusionists. It assesses the application of knowledge and skills in clinical scenarios relevant to the practice of cardiovascular perfusion.
Key aspects of the CAPE include evaluating a perfusionist's ability to make clinical decisions, manage complex cases, and apply theoretical knowledge to practical situations. The examination typically covers various topics, including patient management during cardiopulmonary bypass, extracorporeal life support, and other advanced perfusion techniques.
While the PBSE assesses the foundational knowledge in basic sciences, the CAPE evaluates the application of this knowledge in clinical settings. Both examinations are essential for ensuring cardiovascular perfusionists possess a well-rounded skill set and can deliver high-quality care to patients undergoing cardiac surgery or other cardiopulmonary bypass procedures.
Time to practice some questions!
1
During cardiopulmonary bypass, the patient's temperature drops below the target range. What is the most appropriate action?
a) Increase the flow rate of the cardioplegia solution
b) Administer a bolus of cold crystalloid solution
c) Increase the heat exchanger temperature
d) Administer a bolus of warm blood
2
While on cardiopulmonary bypass, the perfusionist notices inadequate venous drainage. What could be a potential cause?
a) Hypovolemia
b) Air entrainment in the venous line
c) Increased pump speed
d) Vasodilation
3
A patient with a history of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) requires cardiopulmonary bypass. What anticoagulation strategy should the perfusionist adopt?
a) Use heparin at a reduced dose
b) Administer low molecular weight heparin
c) Employ bivalirudin as the anticoagulant
d) Perform surgery without anticoagulation
4
During a pediatric open-heart surgery, you notice that the oxygenator in the cardiopulmonary bypass circuit has developed a significant air bubble. What immediate action should you take?
a) Increase the flow rate to clear the bubble
b) Gently tap the oxygenator to remove the bubble
c) Clamp the circuit to prevent air from entering the patient
d) Discontinue bypass and inform the surgeon
5
You are initiating extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support for a patient with severe respiratory failure. What is the primary purpose of the oxygenator in the ECMO circuit?
a) To remove carbon dioxide from the blood
b) To warm the blood before returning it to the patient
c) To provide mechanical ventilation to the lungs
d) To maintain blood volume and pressure
6
During a complex congenital heart surgery, the surgeon requests deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA). What is the target temperature range for DHCA?
a) 28-32°C
b) 18-22°C
c) 35-38°C
d) 40-42°C
7
After weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass, the patient develops signs of low cardiac output. What is the primary concern in this situation?
a) Vasodilation
b) Hypovolemia
c) Ventricular dysfunction
d) Hyperthermia
Answer Key
1. C
2. B
3. C
4. D
5. A
6. B
7. C